闽中南平—宁化构造带南华纪陆缘弧岩浆活动：对武夷造山带构造演化的新启示     

姜杨  赵希林  李龙明  潘桂棠  徐敏成  黄文成  刘欢 《中国地质》2020,47(4):1010-1024

南平—宁化构造带沿线出露着以万全岩群和楼前组、西溪组等为代表的一系列新元古代火山-沉积岩系。系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究表明,福建明溪和江西瑞金地区的楼前组浅变质英安岩和晶屑凝灰岩分别形成于(729±4)Ma和(735±6.7)Ma(LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法),SiO2含量变化在65.22%～74.54%,相对富Al2O3(11.05%～16.80%)富碱(Na2O+K2O=4.88%～10.19%)而贫CaO、MgO和FeOT,ANK值和A/CNK值分别为1.23～1.78和0.98～1.57,Nb/Ta=12.44～17.28,Nd/Th=2.07～3.51,Ti/Zr=6.08～10.37,Ti/Y=68.51～154.71,属过铝质S型火山岩;明显富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb等)而亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P等),Zr/Nb=16.65～24.07,Th/Ta=12.94～16.93,δEu呈现明显负异常(0.33～0.62),显示岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。综合区域地质资料及前人研究结果提出,南平—宁化一线在713 Ma前为活动大陆边缘环境,洋壳俯冲引发的岩浆活动形成了沿南平—宁化—瑞金一线展布的陆缘弧中酸性火山岩带,暗示此时南、北武夷之间尚未拼合形成统一的武夷地块,因而华夏地块不存在统一的前南华纪结晶基底。  相似文献   

双船双方位角地震探测技术方法及应用效果     

杨蜀冀  韦成龙  伍忠良  刘协来  杨册  王聪 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):98-104

南海东沙海域的陆坡台地区, 浅表断裂及生物礁发育众多, 浅层新生界多为碳酸盐岩层, 中深层的中生界内部构造复杂, 断裂较多, 常规单船窄方位地震剖面显示中深层反射品质较差。利用双船可以设计灵活的观测系统, 形成双方位角地震探测方式, 对于地下同一反射点的照明, 可以获得比窄方位角探测更好的效果, 也可以改善高速屏蔽层下方、高陡倾角斜层等区域的成像质量。文章通过重点技术的攻关研发, 进行了单源激发、双缆接收的双方位角采集试验, 成功实现该方法在南海海域中深层地震勘探中的应用。  相似文献   

基于稀疏表示的地面磁共振信号提取方法          下载免费PDF全文

王琦  田宝凤  张健  蒋川东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3446-3456

在多孔隙含水层中地面磁共振（surface nuclear magnetic resonance，SNMR）信号呈现多弛豫衰减特性，常规盲源分离方法和单指数拟合方法引起信号严重失真和信息缺失等问题.本文提出了基于稀疏表示的随机噪声背景下多弛豫SNMR信号的提取方法.根据SNMR信号的衰减特征，设计了精确刻画SNMR信号且与随机噪声不相关的离散衰减余弦冗余字典.其次，针对多弛豫SNMR信号稀疏度未知的问题，通过设置合理的残差比阈值控制迭代次数，改进了广义正交匹配追踪（generalized orthogonal matching pursuit，gOMP）算法，使得该方法应用于SNMR信号的提取时，具有更好的自适应性和普适性.再次，鉴于SNMR测量数据为多次独立重复采集的结果，提出了基于数据流的SNMR信号提取策略，在提高算法鲁棒性的同时，保证了信号提取结果的唯一性.最后，通过仿真和实测数据证明了基于gOMP算法的稀疏表示方法可以显著地提升多弛豫SNMR信号的提取质量，降低随机噪声对含水层反演结果的影响，提高SNMR探测能力.  相似文献   

Measuring hydrological connectivity inside a soil by low field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Pellegrino Conte  Vito Ferro 《水文研究》2018,32(1):93-101

Hydrological connectivity inside the soil is related to the spatial patterns inside the soil (i.e., the structural connectivity). This, in turn, is directly associated with the physical and the chemical processes at a molecular level (i.e., the functional connectivity). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry can be successfully applied to reveal both structural and functional components of soil hydrological connectivity. In the present study, the low field NMR relaxometry was applied on water suspended soils sampled at the upstream‐ and downstream‐end of three different length plots. Also the sediments collected from the storage tanks at the end of each plot were water suspended and monitored by NMR relaxometry. The results from the NMR investigations were elaborated by using a mathematical approach in order to quantify both the functional and structural connectivity components. In particular, following integration of the T₁ distribution curve, an S‐shaped curve was obtained. It revealed two plateaus corresponding to the shortest (low component) and the longest (high component) intervals of relaxation times, respectively. According to relaxometry theory, the two T₁ intervals, associated to the different plateaus, were attributed to micro and macro soil pores, respectively. The two T₁ intervals were used to define a functional connectivity index, while the central part of the S‐shaped distribution was used to define a structural connectivity index. Here we provide the physical meaning of the our mathematical approach, thereby revealing that functional connectivity index increases with plot length, as a result of a selective eroded particle transport. Moreover, the relationship structural connectivity index versus plot length resulted quasi‐independent of grainsize distribution, whereas the values of the structural connectivity index for the sediment samples resulted lower than those obtained for the corresponding soils.  相似文献   

临夏盆地新近纪郭泥沟剖面磁组构特征及其环境意义          下载免费PDF全文

孔艳芬  孙蕗  沈中山  葛俊逸  邓成龙 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4518-4529

临夏盆地在东亚新生代地层、古气候、古生物研究方面占有举足轻重的地位.本文对盆地东部的郭泥沟剖面进行了详细的岩石磁学和磁组构研究，以揭示从早中新世到早上新世临夏盆地的沉积演化过程.郭泥沟剖面沉积物中的磁性矿物有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿，但剩磁载体以磁铁矿和赤铁矿为主.从上庄组和东乡组的褐红色粉砂质粘土到柳树组和何王家组的褐黄色粘土，赤铁矿含量呈现降低的趋势，与沉积物颜色变化一致.郭泥沟剖面沉积物磁组构类型为正常沉积磁组构.结合岩石磁学结果和磁组构参数特征可揭示临夏盆地早中新世-早上新世沉积的演化过程：早中新世上庄组为稳定湖相沉积，古水流方向为NNW，与南北向的大夏河方向一致；中中新世气候发生较明显的干湿波动，形成了东乡组的褐红色湖相粉砂质粘土夹粉砂、砂和青灰色泥灰质粘土条带，古水流方向主要为NNW，沉积过程主要受大夏河控制；中中新世晚期，受青藏高原构造运动影响，沉积相由湖相细粒沉积物转变为虎家梁组河流相砂砾层；同时，盆地的水动力条件也发生改变，晚中新世柳树组湖相沉积过程同时受南北向大夏河和东西向洮河控制，两个方向近垂直的河流共同作用导致柳树组内沉积各向异性度较低，面理和线理均不发育，磁化率最大轴偏角分布比较分散，磁组构确定的古流向为东西向和南北向；早上新世期间，由于受青藏高原隆升影响，沉积了何王家组下部的河流相砂砾层；受构造抬升影响，大夏河重新主导何王家组上部洪泛平原相沉积过程，水动力条件较为单一稳定，古流向主要为N向，与大夏河流向一致.  相似文献   

重磁三维反演伊犁盆地中部密度和磁性结构          下载免费PDF全文

索奎  张贵宾  梅岩辉  马勇胜 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3410-3419

伊犁盆地中部区域地处多个构造单元的交汇区，构造复杂，缺乏高精度地质资料，制约了对盆地构造演化的进一步认识.本文联合使用多种先验信息作为约束条件，利用高精度重磁数据反演获得了研究区地下海拔-10 km以浅的三维密度和磁性结构，增强了反演结果的可靠性.结果揭示以白石墩次凸为中心发育了一个"北断南超"的南西-北东向不对称型凹陷，北部沉积厚度大于南部；区内主要断裂具有高角度特征，生烃中心受断裂控制，阿吾拉勒山前凹陷浅部可能发育逆掩断裂；火成岩以侵入的基性火成岩为主，伴有部分喷出火成岩和中酸性火成岩.  相似文献   

Application of Ultra-shallow Seismic Survey to the Wanggezhuang Fault in Qingdao     

Yang Qiyan  You Huichuan  Di Long 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):574-583

At present, there is less theoretical research and practical experience in the aspect of ultra-shallow seismic exploration to the target layers at depths of only tens of meters both at home and abroad. Seismic exploration plays an important role in the location of faults and active structures, but the depth dozens of meters below the ground surface is the blind area of any kind of deep and shallow seismic exploration. Starting from the point of view of detecting urban active faults, and using related theories and methods of geology, geophysics and mathematics, the paper discusses the preconditions for acquiring efficient ultra-shallow seismic survey results in complicated geological backgrounds in Qingdao. Taking the Qingdao area as an example in this paper, we study the depth condition of Quaternary deposits, and apply 4-8 stacking folds to satisfy the requirement to get the exploration results with high-resolution and high-SNR. Preliminary results reveal that selecting a proper surveillance layout is one of the keys to acquire authentic exploration results in ultra-shallow P-wave reflection exploration. Our results also show that ultra-shallow seismic reflection method in detecting faults in the Qingdao area has good application prospects.  相似文献   

基于深度学习理论的无人机影像分类     

阳成 《北京测绘》2020,(4):481-484

针对无人机影像深度学习分类方法缺乏现状,本文利用深度学习理论卷积神经网络方法对无人机影像进行了分类。该法首先抽取无人机影像作为训练集和检验集,然后建立一个2个卷积层-池化层的卷积神经网络模型进行深度学习,通过设定参数并运行模型实现无人机影像分类。实验表明,本文提出的方法可完成较复杂地区无人机影像分类,其分类精度与支持向量机方法相当,为无人机遥感影像分类提供了一个崭新的技术视点。  相似文献   

精密单点定位结合EGM2008模型在新疆某河地质断面测量中的应用     

李玉平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):192-195

针对新疆某河地质断面测量范围大、测区通行困难、测量部位分散、传统控制测量方法工作量大且效率低的问题,在测区每条断面上布设断面基点作为控制点并用GNSS接收机静态观测(无需同步),选用武汉大学开发的Trip2.0软件加载事后精密星历和精密钟差等信息解算静态观测数据得到ITRF框架下的三维坐标,然后采用TBC软件加载EGM2008超高阶地球重力场模型点校正得到控制点的国家平面坐标和正常高。结果表明,Trip2.0软件计算的三维点位中误差最大为0.066 m,点校正坐标转换残差与已知点差值均满足限差要求;该方法平面控制测量工作量比传统方案减少46%,五等水准测量比传统方案减少98%,节约工期约56%。实践表明,采用该方法可快速地实现测区面积大、测点分散、控制点稀少区域的平面及高程控制测量。  相似文献   

Evaluation of riverbed magnetic susceptibility for mapping biogeochemical hot spots in groundwater-impacted rivers     

Chen Wang  Martin A. Briggs  Frederick D. Day-Lewis  Lee D. Slater 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14184

Redox hot spots occurring as metal-rich anoxic groundwater discharges through oxic wetland and river sediments commonly result in the formation of iron (Fe) oxide precipitates. These redox-sensitive precipitates influence the release of nutrients and metals to surface water and can act as ‘contaminant sponges’ by absorbing toxic compounds. We explore the feasibility of a non-invasive, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (MS) technique to efficiently map the spatial variations of magnetic Fe oxide precipitates in the shallow bed of three rivers impacted by anoxic groundwater discharge. Laboratory analyses on Mashpee River (MA, USA) sediments demonstrate the sensitivity of MS to sediment Fe concentrations. Field surveys in the Mashpee and Quashnet rivers (MA, USA) reveal several discrete high MS zones, which are associated with likely anoxic groundwater discharge as evaluated by riverbed temperature, vertical head gradient, and groundwater chemistry measurements. In the East River (CO, USA), widespread cobbles/rocks exhibit high background MS from geological ferrimagnetic minerals, thereby obscuring the relatively small enhancement of MS from groundwater induced Fe oxide precipitates. Our study suggests that, in settings with low geological sources of magnetic minerals such as lowland rivers and wetlands, MS may serve as a complementary tool to temperature methods for efficiently mapping Fe oxide accumulation zones due to anoxic groundwater discharges that may function as biogeochemical hot spots and water quality control points in gaining systems.  相似文献